Trust anchor for PEM hydrogen systems

Deterministic control. Cryptographic evidence.

The Continuum Fuel Cell Regulator (CFCR) is a deterministic 1–10 ms overlay supervisory layer that runs alongside an existing controller architecture for fuel-cell and electrolyzer systems — sensorless diagnostics in, hash-chained interval receipts out.

Public-dataset Stage-1 validation with verifier-ready provenance.

CFCR is a sensorless, deterministic, auditable control architecture for hydrogen electrochemical systems, with commercial value in both real-time operation and evidence-backed lifecycle management.
US Patent Application No. 19/653,175 · filed April 21, 2026 · Confirmation No. 3166
“Continuum Fuel Cell Regulator (CFCR) for Millisecond-Interval Multi-Physics Control and Sensorless Correction of Hydrogen Electrochemical Systems” · Track One prioritized examination
0.87 r
Observed degradation association
5.88 ms
Reported P99 solve · 0 overruns
43.2 %
Replay transient reduction
0.22 %
Production-record integrity
10,834
Tamper-evident history
PASS
Verifier pack · under NDA

Selected Stage-1 proof anchors — measured on public datasets, not live-OEM deployment claims.

00
Start here

What CFCR is — and what it is not

CFCR is a real-time control, diagnostics, and evidence layer for hydrogen fuel cells and electrolyzers. It rides on top of your existing controller — it does not generate hydrogen, change your chemistry, or make any energy-balance claim.

What CFCR is

  • A supervisory control and safety layer that acts every few milliseconds
  • A sensorless way to estimate hidden stack state — hydration, flooding, degradation — with no added probes
  • A tamper-evident record of every control decision, for warranty, insurance, and compliance
  • An overlay that advises or governs an existing fuel-cell or electrolyzer controller

What CFCR is not

  • Not a hydrogen-production method, chemistry, catalyst, or reformer
  • Not an energy-source, efficiency-breakthrough, or “excess energy” claim
  • Not a black-box AI optimizer — every output is deterministic and recomputable
  • Not a logger bolted on afterward — the evidence is produced inside the control loop
Lowest-risk entry

CFCR can start in passive observer mode with zero actuator authority — no firmware replacement, no added specialty sensors, and no stack redesign — a lower-friction path for observer-mode evaluation before any safety-critical authority is considered, and taken on only when your own pilot criteria are met.

Why it matters

Fuel-cell operators lose money when…

transient voltage swings shorten stack life, degradation is poorly measured, warranty disputes are hard to settle, and safety margins stay conservative because the internal state is uncertain.

Electrolyzer operators struggle when…

hydrogen production records are hard to verify, compliance reporting is costly, system health is opaque, and efficiency drifts over time with no clear signal.

CFCR addresses this by

governing operation every few milliseconds, estimating hidden internal state without extra sensors, enforcing machine-verifiable safety envelopes, and generating tamper-evident operational records — all from signals the stack already produces.

How it works, at a glance

Standard stack signals V · I · T · pressure · flow Sensorless kernels HYDRA · FLOOD · PION no added sensors Safety-envelope engine per-interval constraint check ACCEPT / DERATE / REFUSE Actuator commands committed within the interval Cryptographic receipt hash-chained · signed Fleet · warranty · compliance 45V records · health indices
Each interval runs top to bottom in bounded time: signals in, a safe-or-refuse decision out, and a cryptographic receipt of that decision — which feeds the fleet, warranty, and compliance layer.
01
Architecture

An overlay-first supervisor, not a replacement

CFCR runs alongside an existing fuel-cell or electrolyzer controller, computes sensorless diagnostic kernels from standard stack signals, and emits cryptographically hash-chained interval receipts — without changing actuation authority unless and until you authorize it.

01·5
Not just another controller

Why this is different

Conventional controllerCFCR
Reactive control from setpointsPhysics-aware control from estimated internal state
Limited diagnostics; needs added sensorsSensorless state estimation from standard signals
Logs events after the factCryptographically proves each decision in-loop
Safety assumed and margined conservativelySafety-envelope compliance evaluated interval by interval
Warranty analysis is difficult and disputableAuditable, tamper-evident operating history
Compliance handled by separate systemsEvidence generation built into the control loop
02
Demonstrated, not described

Evaluated on public, replayable datasets

Every row below is measured on independent public data (IEEE PHM 2014 FCLAB, CC BY 4.0; NREL DOI 10.7799/3007836; University of Michigan GDL Dec17). The reports, provenance carriers, SHA-256 manifests, and one-command verifier are available under NDA — the claim is not “believe our numbers,” it’s “recompute them yourself.”

WhatResult
Cumulative-stress durability CFCR cumulative-stress index vs measured voltage degradation on the FCLAB 1000-h tests: r = 0.87 on FC1 (constant load) and r = 0.82 on FC2 (5 kHz ripple), across 271,232 samples. Outperforms four baseline models under Steiger correlated-correlation testing at p < 0.0001 on both stacks. Report 02 · IEEE PHM 2014 FCLAB
Envelope holdout discipline FC1→FC2 train/holdout split. Under a binding 500 V/s bus limit, peak |dV/dt| reduced 901.5 → 512.4 V/s (43.2%) with zero envelope violations across five baseline ramp rates (500–10,000 A/s) on both training and holdout sets. FC1-derived limit + 10% margin (3.080 V/A) covers the FC2 holdout maximum (3.000 V/A). Report 07 · IEEE PHM 2014 FCLAB
No-humidity-probe hydration Claim 23 enablement Standalone HYDRA v2 kernel computes λ_mem and H_virt from {V, I, T, P, flow} only — no humidity probe, RH sensor, dew-point sensor, or EIS module at any interval. Specification Table X matches reference outputs to 3 decimals across 7 rows; an independent notebook reimplementation diff-matches to 6 decimals at all 14 convergence checkpoints. Reports 09 + 10
Deterministic timing & receipt chain 10,800-interval receipt stream at a 10 ms target cadence, HMAC-SHA256 authenticated, full chain continuity. P99 solve 5.88 ms, zero overruns. ACCEPT/DERATE/REFUSE exercised (8,653 / 2,146 / 1). Report 06 · receipts_v2.jsonl
Electrolyzer production record 12,006 one-second intervals across 8 NREL MW-scale runs. Frozen-rule deterministic methodology disclosed before processing: estimated H₂ 18.221 kg vs Coriolis-measured 18.261 kg → mass-balance relative error 0.22%, far inside the 20% tolerance. PASS Cryptographic chain integrity verified (zero breaks across 12,005 links). Report 08 · NREL DOI 10.7799/3007836
Sensorless proxy behavior FLOOD proxy (air-side pressure σ over 100-sample windows) correlates with the flooding-risk index at r = 0.987. PION degradation-proxy tracks the FC2 voltage-aging trajectory at r = 0.9989 using standard channels (no EIS). Presented as proxy tracking — not future-life prediction. Report 06
Audit-grade verifiability 11-artifact diligence pack with SHA-256 manifest and one-command verifier (verify_all.py): four gates — file integrity, report/provenance binding, sensorless structural posture, receipt-chain continuity. Current pack: OVERALL PASS · 10,834 receipts across embedded JSONL streams. Master Provenance Manifest · under NDA

Where each capability stands today

CapabilitySimulationPublic-data replayHardware-in-loopLive stack
Deterministic timing / overrun firewallsoftware onlypending
Sensorless hydration (HYDRA)pendingpending
Flooding / degradation proxypendingpending
Safety envelope & ACCEPT / DERATE / REFUSEpendingpending
Cryptographic receipt chainpendingpending
Electrolyzer production recordspendingpending
✓ demonstrated · “software only” = timing validated in software; the embedded GPIO-bracketed STM32 trace is the disclosed closure item · pending = not yet performed. Hardware-in-loop and live-stack validation are explicitly open items, not claimed.
INTERVAL n ACCEPT hash 5e1b…a90 prev 0000…000 INTERVAL n+1 ACCEPT hash c41f…7d2 prev 5e1b…a90 INTERVAL n+2 DERATE hash 9b30…e15 prev c41f…7d2 prev-hash prev-hash Alter any field in any interval → every later “prev” stops matching, so tampering is detectable.
Each receipt embeds the hash of the one before it. An external party can recompute the chain from receipt-bound inputs alone — no access to your control logic — which is what makes warranty, insurance, and compliance records defensible rather than self-reported.
03
Why it matters

Value to fuel-cell and electrolyzer companies

CFCR turns recurring operational problems into outcomes a non-engineering stakeholder can act on:

ProblemConsequenceCFCR role
Transient stack stressReduced stack lifetimePer-interval envelope enforcement
Warranty disputesSlow, costly adjudicationTamper-evident interval receipts
Compliance uncertaintyDelayed 45V / incentive claimsVerifiable production records
Conservative safety marginsLost utilizationBetter hidden-state visibility
Added diagnostic sensorsHigher BOM and failure pointsSensorless estimation — no EIS or humidity probe

Vehicle fuel-cell systems

A deterministic 1–10 ms supervisory loop under the existing controller (Observer / Advisory / Full-Authority). Cryptographic per-interval evidence supports an ISO 26262 documentation pathway for bus, truck, and rail.

Marine & stationary

Cryptographically authenticated per-interval receipts that support DNV / Lloyd’s / ABS audit-trail workflows for marine-class and stationary deployments.

Warranty & insurance

Hash-chained receipts plus CHI / SHI fleet indices give tamper-evident operational evidence for warranty adjudication, usage-based insurance, and residual-value underwriting — verifiable without exposing controller internals.

45V / green-H₂ evidence lane

Sub-hourly production records with accumulator root, energy-attribute pointer, and completeness metadata map onto MRV / 45V-style workflows and EnergyTag-style granular certificates — subject to independent program eligibility review.

BOM reduction

No dedicated EIS / impedance module required — a direct per-stack BOM reduction and one fewer class of drift-prone sensors. (Per-stack savings modeled in Report 06.)

Low adoption risk

Overlay-first: runs as a virtual observer alongside the production controller, with no change to actuation authority until pilot criteria are met.

Local-first safety posture

CFCR’s deterministic control loop and safety-envelope enforcement operate locally; fleet analytics and evidence aggregation are optional layers and do not make safety dependent on cloud availability.

04
What is protected

Protected capability areas

Capability summary, not claim text. These are the areas the filed application is directed to. Detailed claim numbers, negative limitations, and exact claim-family mapping are provided under NDA. Application pending; PCT extension available during the 12-month priority window.

Chemistry coverage. Chemistry-agnostic via a parameter vector θ_chem: PFSA ionomers (Nafion), hydrocarbon sulfonated membranes, high-temperature PEM (HT-PEM / PBI, hydration interpreted as an acid-saturation index), and PGM-free cathodes (Fe-N-C), each with chemistry-specific degradation coefficients and acceptance thresholds.

05
Disclosed boundaries

Honest scope

We separate what is measured on public data from what is modeled under stated assumptions. This discipline is deliberate — it is what makes the evidence above worth re-checking.

  • Measured No-humidity-probe embodiment (Claim 23) is validated via the standalone HYDRA v2 kernel (Report 09) and an independent notebook reimplementation (Report 10), both operating without humidity probe, RH sensor, dew-point sensor, or EIS module at any interval. Report 06’s hydration path uses a humidity-channel surrogate for loop integration only and does not independently validate this embodiment.
  • Measured Durability, envelope, timing, receipts, electrolyzer records — all measured on public datasets and reproducible from the provenance carriers (Reports 02, 06, 07, 08).
  • Modeled Counterfactual projections, not field-measured: 31% life-extension (Report 02 control-scenario projection); 48% degradation-reduction, 34:1 benefit ratio, 16.9% NPV (Report 06 economic comparison over a 5,000-h horizon). Each is stated alongside its methodology.
  • Posture PION is a controller-internal degradation-proxy index used for efficiency correction (r = 0.9989 contemporaneous tracking on FC2) — presented as proxy tracking, not a standalone future-life forecast.
  • Open Hardware-in-the-loop closure. Report 11 provides software timing posture (filtered P99 32.4 µs over 100,000 iterations; 967 µs margin against τ_INT = 1 ms). A GPIO-bracketed STM32F76x trace remains the disclosed closure item for embedded end-to-end timing.
Engagement approach

Because the CFCR application is already filed and technically developed, we are approaching a limited number of technically sophisticated hydrogen companies before patent issuance for preliminary roadmap-fit and technical-diligence discussions. We are not seeking an immediate binding acquisition, license, or commercial commitment at this stage. The purpose is to determine whether CFCR is relevant to your organization’s fuel-cell or electrolyzer roadmap and, if so, to proceed through the appropriate NDA-gated technical review process.

Why NDA review is used

The public page shows the architecture, selected proof anchors, deployment posture, and current validation status. Under NDA, the recipient receives a reproducible evaluation package: implementation-level reports, provenance carriers, verifier tooling, detailed claim language, and integration-level technical materials. The purpose is not to ask for trust; it is to let a qualified technical team recompute the evidence and evaluate CFCR against its own fuel-cell, electrolyzer, fleet, warranty, or compliance workflow.

Commercial next step

A 20-minute fit call, then an NDA-gated review

If CFCR looks relevant to your roadmap, the next step is a short fit call to determine whether the architecture maps to your fuel-cell, electrolyzer, fleet, warranty, or compliance workflow.

On a signed NDA, the technical review opens a reproducible observer-mode evaluation package: deterministic replay tooling, provenance carriers, verifier materials, detailed reports, the complete specification and claim set, and integration-level technical disclosures. One proposed next step after review is a 2–4 week observer-mode evaluation using historical or simulated stack data, with no controller changes and no actuator authority.

Designed for fast proof/disproof — run first as observer-mode analysis on existing telemetry, before any control authority is considered.

Download the non-confidential Stage-1 Credibility Pack: public proof anchors, validation maturity, observer-mode evaluation workflow, NDA review inventory, a small runnable receipt-chain demonstration, and a public-data mass-balance recompute script, and a non-confidential 45V evidence-engine pilot proposal. The full Diligence Fortress Review, detailed reports, verifier tooling, provenance carriers, claim language, and implementation-level materials are available during NDA-gated technical review.

Download Stage-1 Credibility Pack

Review path: public Stage-1 materials are available now. If there is qualified interest after a fit call, a Diligence Lite package may be provided under a signed NDA or counsel-approved controlled disclosure. Full technical diligence — including the complete Diligence Fortress Review, full reports, verifier tooling, provenance carriers, claim language, and implementation-level materials — is reserved for full NDA review.

To proceed, simply reply to the email that accompanied this page. The full specification, complete filed claim set, and verifier-ready provenance pack are provided under NDA.